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DThe propect of rewrds motivaess butfdhave the ppffe,ininrfpResrhaveifdaoiran oc behind thispheno2atudy bydam Smoulder and his colleagues a CamegieMello Univishowed that even non-human primates(灵长类动物)can fail to performwewhen rewards are abundant.To better understand why this happens,the same researchers trained adifferent group of rhesus monkeys to reach for a small moving target,whichrequired fast and accurate movements,in exchange for different quantities ofsugary water.They used microelectrodes (to record the activity ofneurons (in the animals'motor cortex,the brain region that plansand performs movements.The team found that individual cells in this region were sensitive to the sizeof the expected reward and adjusted their responses accordingly-increasing theiractivity in expectation of larger rewards and decreasing it when they expectedsmaller ones.When looking at the coordinated activity of the region's cells,the researchersalso found,with each of the monkeys'upcoming reaches,neural "signals"forplanned movements were associated with a distinct pattern of neural activitythat was responsible for planning the completion of the movement.However,when the monkeys expected a large .reward,the differences between the movementsignals in the motor cortex decreased significantly.The movement planninginformation that was coded in the cell population broke down,making thepatterns that were associated with each possible movement harder to distinguishfrom one another,say the researchers.Why this occurs,however,is unclear."We'd really love to find out ifit's the dopamine(多巴胺)system going out of order that throws the mocortex off balance at the key moment,"says study author Aaron Batista at theUniverity of Pittburgh,Pennsylvani.The researchers expect thatsbrainproceurs in people.With furtherhhemay point ways that we could one day warn people if they may be boto underperform while stressed,he says.12.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The aim of training the monkeys for plentiful rewards.B.The method of observing the neurons in the motor cortex.C.The reasons for recording movements in the motor cortex.D.The process of studying monkey's brain activities for rewards.英语测试题第5页（址10而
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