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simple tasks and they were told that they would receive one Euro for each task they completed.Thismeant they were all equally rewarded,and were thus not competing for financial resources.Then,wetold one group of participants that they would be ranked against each other based on theirperformance,while participants in the other group weren't told anything.We found that just anticipating that they would be ranked significantly impacted participants'performance,and that the impact was noticeably different for men and for women.When participantsweren't told that they'd be ranked,men and women performed at essentially the same level.But whenthey were told that they would be ranked,men performed better than those who weren't toldanything,while women performed a lot worse.It's also found that the gender difference caused by competitive environments isn't simplybecause of the misconception that women are naturally less competitive than men.Rather,theseenvironments trigger the assumption that men are superior and that women should be kind to others.And it in turn leads to gender differences in performance.In sum,these findings suggest that competitive social ranking systems can have a major effecton performance,and more importantly,they can have very different effects on men and on women.It's hard to imagine a world in which competition is removed entirely-so how can organizations getthe benefits of competitive environments while providing a fairer environment for their femaleemployees?28.Performance rankings certainly involve competition forA.financial rewardB.social statusC.physical resourcesD.higher inceme29.What can we learn from the lab experiments?A.The effect of ranking differed for men and women.B.Participants would be financially rewarded differently.C.Both groups of participants knew they would be ranked.D.Women would perform better if they knew they'd be ranked.30.What may cause gender differences in performance?A.The competitive environments caused by social prejudice.B.The belief that men are better and that women should be kind.C.The misconeeption that women are trained to be less competitive.D.The fact that the ranking system treats men and women differently.英语试题第6页（共12页）
