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CWhen a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier (on the Swiss Alps'Mount Eiger in 2017,partof the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect.But these vibrations held a key tocalculating the ice avalanche's (critical characteristics.Low-frequency sound wayes called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere arealready used to monitor active volcanoes from afar.Now some researchers in this field have switched focusfrom fire to ice:dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers.Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snowavalanches but never ice,says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson."This was different,Johnsonsays."A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal,which researchers pick up usingdetectors that track slight changes in air pressure.But a collapse-a sudden,rapid breaking of ice from theglacier's main body-is a prolific infrasound producer.Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches,which pose anincreasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice.A glacier'can become detached from the ground due to melting,causing bigger break-offs,"says University of Florencegeologist Emanuele Marchetti,lead author of the new study.As the threat grows,scientists seek new ways tomonitor and detect such collapses.Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches,which is precise but expensive and can monitor onlyone specific location and neighboring avalanche paths.Infrasound,Marchetti says,is cheaper and can detectbreak-off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain.It ischallenging,however,to separate a signal into its components(such as traffic noises,individual avalanches andnearby earthquakes)without additional measurements,says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel."Themodel used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this,"she says.Isolating the relevant signal helps theresearchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed,path and volume from afar using infrasound.Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe,and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals thatcollapsing glaciers produce.They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade'sphysical details.26.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A.Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.B.Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.C.Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.D.Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.27.Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?A.The combination with other relevant signals.B.The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.C.The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.D.The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes28.The underlined word "this"in Paragraph 4 refers toA.distinguishing different components of a signalB.detecting multiple avalanches at the same timeC.calculating the speed and path of ice avalanchesD.monitoring the specific location of ice break-offs29.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.From Fire to IceB.Glacier WhispersC.Nature is WarningD.Secret of Ice Avalanches第5页共9页
